mac安装开发环境

May 5, 2021 · 1867 words · 4 minute read

新电脑构建开发环境 🔗

iterm2
brew
zsh, ohmyzsh
golang, rust
vscode
hugo
github
direnv
multipass 虚拟机
字体 fira code， cascadia code, jetbrains mono.

安装终端窗口工具 🔗

下载地址：https://iterm2.com/

安装 brew 🔗

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/ineo6/homebrew-install/install.sh)"
安装，切换为zsh，并安装oh my zsh -- shell辅助工具
可能遇到的问题

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
curl: (7) Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443: Connection refused
解决方式： https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/issues/9465

安装 golang 🔗

https://golang.org/doc/install

https://sourabhbajaj.com/mac-setup/Go/README.html

vim .bashrc

export GOPATH=$HOME/go-workspace # don't forget to change your path correctly! export GOROOT=/usr/local/opt/go/libexec export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

安装 vscode 🔗

https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/setup/mac

插件

安装 blog系统 🔗

Brew install Hugo

git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories

git submodule update --init --recursive

本地配置GitHub访问权限 🔗

在～下创建.ssh文件夹 ssh-keygen -t rsa -C “xxx@xx.com" 将公钥添加到github

go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn

direnv 🔗

根据文件夹下的.envrc 临时改env变量。

mac上安装和使用虚拟机 🔗

why need it? 🔗

因为使用的是mac笔记本，实验和开发上需要利用linux环境下的工具（如gcc，gdb之类），所以在mac的宿主机上虚拟化出linux很有必要。

其他平台的方案 🔗

windows下 vscode 安装Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)插件，即可

VirtualBox supports only x86 hardware.

Ubuntu is available not only on x86 architectures, but also has ARM-based versions.

VMWare 虚拟机产品（付费）。

macos m1下安装虚拟机 🔗

macbook的指令集 uname -a or uname -m
- 新m1芯片下是arm64
- 老intel芯片下是x86_64

在m1 arch下 virtual box和VMWare虚拟机产品不支持。

macos m1 arch 🔗

multipass 可以支持在macos下虚拟化出ubuntu操作系统，基本上满足了开发需求。

multipass find

multipass launch 22.04 -n primary -c 2 -m 4G -d 50G

multipass list 查看虚拟机IP

multipass shell

sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop xrdp -y

vsocde ssh到本地虚拟化出来的ubuntu系统。

遇到的问题 🔗

mac的host机器登陆到multipass虚拟机时公钥设置的问题。

#ssh ubuntu@192.168.64.2
ubuntu@192.168.64.2: Permission denied (publickey).

# ssh ubuntu@192.168.64.3
Load key ".ssh/id_rsa.pub" invalid format 
ubuntu@192.168.64.3: Permission denied (publickey).

原因：在宿主机~/.ssh/config中 IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub。配置错误。公钥配置在vm的~/.ssh/authorized_keys中。在宿主机上ssh时利用私钥进行登陆认证。所以在宿主机IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -> IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa（私钥）。

通过mulipass client里open shell打开primary 实例，可能出现
Can't open instance, stuck in Starting phase。

原因：上一部修改ubuntu中~/.ssh/authorized_keys时不是采用的append新public key，采用覆盖。所以在修改authorized_keys时原有public key最好backup一份。打开远程的文件夹包含大量文件时（例如打开linux kernel文件夹代码），出现Connection to server got closed. Server will not be restarted。

vs打开虚拟机里的大文件时出现的问题

Visual Studio Code is unable to watch for file changes in this large workspace" (error ENOSPC).

解决办法参考：https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/setup/linux#_visual-studio-code-is-unable-to-watch-for-file-changes-in-this-large-workspace-error-enospc

在multipass中阅读linux代码出现的空间不足问题

在linux-5.19下
ubuntu$ ctags -R
no left space on disk.

尝试调整虚拟机的disk资源限制。 
sudo vim /var/root/Library/Application\ Support/multipassd/qemu/multipassd-vm-instances.json
更改primary的disk限制，重启启动vm后不起作用。

接着尝试：
 sudo  /Library/Application\ Support/com.canonical.multipass/bin/qemu-img info /var/root/Library/Application\ Support/multipassd/qemu/vault/instances/primary/ubuntu-22.04-server-cloudimg-arm64.img

 sudo  /Library/Application\ Support/com.canonical.multipass/bin/qemu-img snapshot -d suspend  /var/root/Library/Application\ Support/multipassd/qemu/vault/instances/primary/ubuntu-22.04-server-cloudimg-arm64.img

 sudo  /Library/Application\ Support/com.canonical.multipass/bin/qemu-img resize /var/root/Library/Application\ Support/multipassd/qemu/vault/instances/primary/ubuntu-22.04-server-cloudimg-arm64.img +10G

 Image resized.

https://multipass.run/docs/modify-an-instance#heading--set-the-cpu-ram-or-disk-of-an-instance

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/435237515 launch failed: cannot connect to the multipass socket 解决办法：sudo launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.canonical.multipassd.plist

image resized成功，但是disk size仍然是5G。

// make menuconfig
problem：Unable to find the ncurses libraries
solved： sudo apt-get install ncurses-dev

ubuntu@brett:~/linux-master$ make
  SYNC    include/config/auto.conf.cmd
  CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh
  HOSTCC  certs/extract-cert
certs/extract-cert.c:21:10: fatal error: openssl/bio.h: No such file or directory
   21 | #include <openssl/bio.h>
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.host:111: certs/extract-cert] Error 1
make[1]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:500: certs] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:1990: .] Error 2

solved: https://github.com/TinkerBoard/debian_kernel/issues/26

make进行kernel的编译，之后会等一会...

  LD [M]  sound/soc/tegra/snd-soc-tegra210-sfc.ko
  OBJCOPY arch/arm64/boot/Image
  GZIP    arch/arm64/boot/Image.gz
  ubuntu@brett:~/linux-master$ file arch/arm64/boot/Image
arch/arm64/boot/Image: Linux kernel ARM64 boot executable Image, little-endian, 4K pages

github连接上的问题 🔗

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.
The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is
SHA256:.....
Please contact your system administrator.
Add correct host key in /Users/brettkk/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.
Offending RSA key in /Users/brettkk/.ssh/known_hosts:2
Host key for [ssh.github.com]:443 has changed and you have requested strict checking.
Host key verification failed.
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.

解决办法：删除 ~/.ssh/known_hosts中的github那几行配置, 再pull下。

其他 🔗

本地安装付费的虚拟机。
购买云主机，例如腾讯云的轻量应用服务器。

工具